Spectroscopic Methods for Online Water Quality Monitoring

“Sensors deployed in smart water systems need to meet a number of criteria, first and foremost robustness of performance, autonomous operation and low maintenance. Solid-state, optical sensors are at the forefront in the development of the next generation of sensors for smart water systems. A range of optical sensor technologies is currently in use for (near) real-time water quality analysis and between them can cover most of the relevant quality parameters. Technologies used in the water industry include UV/Vis absorbance, fluorescence and NIR absorbance spectroscopy. Spectroscopic methods with potential for broader application include Raman spectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. All approaches share the following properties: fully solid-state hardware, no reagents or other consumables required for their operation, and automatic interpretation of the sensor data performed by increasingly advanced chemometric solutions. This chapter provides a brief overview of the fundamentals behind these technologies and reviews their use in water quality monitoring applications.”

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(Citaat: Broeke, J. van den, Koster, T. – Spectroscopic Methods for Online Water Quality Monitoring – The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry – DOI: 10.1007/698_2019_391)