An ecotoxicological view on neurotoxicity assessment

“The numbers of potential neurotoxicants in the environment are raising and pose a great risk of humans and the envi- ronment. Currently neurotoxicity assessment is mostly performed to predict and prevent harm to human populations. Despite all the eforts invested in the last years in developing novel in vitro or in silico test systems, in vivo tests with rodents are still the only accepted test for neurotoxicity risk assessment in Europe. Despite an increasing number of reports of species showing altered behaviour, neurotoxicity assessment for species in the environment is not required and therefore mostly not performed. Considering the increasing numbers of environmental contaminants with potential neurotoxic potential, eco-neurotoxicity should be also considered in risk assessment. In order to do so novel test systems are needed that can cope with species diferences within ecosystems. In the ield, online-biomonitoring systems using behavioural information could be used to detect neurotoxic efects and efect-directed analyses could be applied to identify the neurotoxicants causing the efect. Additionally, toxic pressure calculations in combination with mixture modelling could use environmental chemical monitoring data to predict adverse efects and prioritize pollutants for laboratory testing. Cheminformatics based on computational toxicological data from in vitro and in vivo studies could help to identify potential neurotoxicants. An array of in vitro assays covering diferent modes of action could be applied to screen compounds for neurotoxicity. The selection of in vitro assays could be guided by AOPs relevant for eco-neurotoxicity. In order to be able to perform risk assessment for eco-neurotoxicity, methods need to focus on the most sensitive species in an ecosystem. A test battery using species from diferent trophic levels might be the best approach. To implement eco-neurotoxicity assessment into European risk assessment, cheminformatics and in vitro screening tests could be used as irst approach to identify eco-neurotoxic pollutants. In a second step, a small species test battery could be applied to assess the risks of ecosystems.”

(Citaat: Legradi, J., Di Paolo, C., Kraak, M.H.S., etal. – An ecotoxicological view on neurotoxicity assessment – Environmental Sciences Europe 30(2018)1, art. no. 46 – DOI: 10.1186/s12302-018-0173x – Uncorrected Proof – Open Access)