Eutectic Freeze Crystallization. Towards achieving zero liquid discharge in water treatment

“Water treatment processes such as nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO) and ion exchange (IEX) produce aqueous waste streams with a high salt content. The disposal of such brines is a growing concern in many parts of the world. Traditional disposal methods include discharge to sea or other surface water bodies, discharge to sewer, deep well injection, distribution over land or storage in evaporation ponds. However, these disposal means are often hindered because of unavailability, costs of transportation, environmental impact, regulatory requirements and/or public perception.”

(Citaat: Harmsen, D.J.H., Ahmad, A., et al. – Eutectic Freeze Crystallization. Towards achieving zero liquid discharge in water treatment – AWE International (2017)January, p.13-21)